| Table 1. Vocal responses of yellow warblers to three models presented at the nest during the egg-laying stage (n = 35), and results of Friedman test and associated multiple comparisons.
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| Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responsea | Cowbird | Grackle | Sparrow | Pb |
| Seet | 39.8 ± 12.51 18 (0 - 418) |
10.4 ± 9.02 0 (0 - 316) |
17.0 ± 6.12 2 (0 - 279) |
0.0001 |
| Chip | 2.4 ± 1.41 0 (0 - 47) |
62.7 ± 13.92 27 (0 - 314) |
22.7 ± 8.73 0 (0 - 171) |
0.0001 |
| Metallic chip | 1.9 ± 1.9 0 (0 - 65) |
1.7 ± 1.4 0 (0 - 49) |
0 0 |
0.3732 |
| Warble | 0 0 |
0.1 ± 0.1 0 (0 - 4) |
0 0 |
0.3732 |
| Silent - femalec | 21.4 ± 1.6 25 (0 - 30) |
14.5 ± 1.9 14 (0 - 29) |
19.2 ± 1.5 21 (0 - 30) |
0.0886 |
| Silent - male | 16.2 ± 3.6 16.5 (0 - 30) |
15.9 ± 3.0 18.5 (1 - 30) |
13.3 ± 2.7 9 (2 - 30) |
0.6857 |
Responses are given as mean ± s.e. (top row) and median (range) (bottom row). a Female and male responses combined for alarm calls only. b Results of Friedman test among models. c Sample sizes for silent: female, n = 35; male, n = 14, 18 and 18 for cowbird, grackle and sparrow, respectively. 1,2,3 Results of multiple comparisons. Means with differing superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). |
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